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Apollo Mission Simulator
This document describes the Apollo Mission Simulator -- Version 1.1, a program
that simulates manned Lunar exploration. Topics include:
Philosophy
Version 1.0 Errors
Version 1.1 Description
Hardware and Software Requirements
Reference and Mission Disks
Acronym List
Glossary
Document Descriptions
Program Descriptions
Miscellaneous File Descriptions
*** PRESS the "PgDn" key to go to the next page
*** PRESS the "──┘" key to exit this program
Philosophy
The Apollo Mission Simulator is, by design, NOT an easy game to master. It
may be several weeks before you attempt a full mission, and it may take a
dozen tries before you land successfully. DO NOT DESPAIR! Tutorials and
training missions will help you become familiar with flying the Lunar Module.
After sufficient practice, you will achieve a 90-95% success rate.
Feel free to copy and share this program. If you ┌─────────────────────────┐
feel generous, send a donation of $20. If I know │send donations, comments,│
who you are, I can send you the latest version │ suggestions, etc, to: │
of the program and a hard copy of the │ │
documentation. I would also appreciate reports of │ Al Reynolds │
bugs or inconsistencies you might find as well as │ 1558 Cotton Tree Drive │
suggestions for improvements or additions. │ Creve Coeur MO 63146 │
└─────────────────────────┘
IMPORTANT: You will avoid a lot of frustration if you read through ALL of the
documentation and go through ALL of the tutorial lessons at least once before
starting the Apollo Mission Simulator. Then begin, on your own, with the
simple training missions.
Version 1.0 Errors
The following errors in Version 1.0 were corrected in Version 1.1:
1. The Lunar map and other documents contained several typographical errors.
2. The Pilot couldn't complete a fourth ExtraVehicular Activity.
3. Some status flags and sequencer messages were incorrectly displayed when
the Apollo Mission Simulator was resumed after an operation was interrupted.
Version 1.1 Description
Version 1.1 contains the following improvements and changes:
1. The Moon rotates and has light and dark sides -- see "MODELS" document.
2. The Lunar map corresponds more closely to the real Lunar surface -- see
"LUNARMAP" document.
3. AMS and AMSTUTOR are combined into one program -- see "AMS" document.
4. The Pilot has a circadian (24hr) rhythm and, therefore, preferred wake and
sleep periods; the "REST" command is modeled as a rest/meal period -- see
"MODELS" document.
Hardware and Software Requirements
The following describes computer systems on which the Apollo Mission Simulator
and its companion programs are known to run:
IBM PC or PC/XT
IBM Monochrome Monitor with IBM Monochrome Adapter or Hercules Graphics Card
IBM Color Monitor with IBM Color Graphics Card
8087 Math Coprocessor (REQUIRED)
256K RAM
DOS 2.0, 2.1, or 3.1
360K Disk Drive
"IBM" is a registered trademark of International Business Machines.
"Hercules Graphics Card" is a trademark of Hercules Computer Technology.
Reference and Mission Disks
On a floppy-disk based system, Apollo Mission Simulator files may be split
into reference and mission disks as shown below. Use the reference disk to
read the documentation, generate maps, and run tutorials. Use the mission
disk to initialize and run your own missions.
REFERENCE DISK MISSION DISK
----------------------------------- -----------------------------------------
READ .EXE NEWGAME .EXE
* .DOC AMS .EXE
MAPGEN .EXE LUNAR .REF
LUNAR .REF
AMS .EXE
* .SAV
* .KEY
* .CMT
Acronym List
ACRONYM MEANING
------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
AMS Apollo Mission Simulator
DOI Descent Orbit Insertion
DSN Deep Space Network
EVA ExtraVehicular Activity
INS Inertial Navigation System
LM Lunar Module
LOL Lunar Orbiting Laboratory
LRV Lunar Rover
MET Mission Elapsed Timer
PDI Powered Descent Initiation
PLSS Portable Life Support System
RCS Reaction Control System
UT Universal Time
Glossary
TERM MEANING
----------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
apolune Highest point in orbit around the Moon
perilune Lowest point in orbit around the Moon
lurrain Lunar equivalent of "terrain"
rille Long narrow valley
Document Descriptions
The following documents, with the extension "DOC", are provided with the AMS.
They may be read using the program READ.
DOCUMENT
NAME CONTENTS
-------- --------------------------------------------------------------------
AMS Synopsis of programs, documents, and files
MODELS Details of physical models
COMMANDS List of commands
DISPLAYS Description of the display screen
MISSIONS Instructions for Lunar exploration and training missions
PHYSICS Tutorial on orbital mechanics and related physics
LUNARMAP Map of Lunar near side and a list of manmade objects
Program Descriptions
The following programs, with the extension "EXE", are provided with the AMS.
PROGRAM CONTENTS
-------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
READ Browse through AMS documentation
MAPGEN Generate maps of the Lunar surface
NEWGAME Initialize AMS parameters to begin a new game
AMS Apollo Mission Simulation program with tutor
Program Descriptions (continued)
READ allows you to browse through documents provided with the AMS. The
program is executed by typing "READ" followed by a document name, e.g.,
"READ AMS" to read this document. Five commands are recognized by READ:
COMMAND KEY EFFECT
------- ------- --------------------------------------------------------------
HOME Home View first page of document
PAGEUP PgUp View previous page of document
PAGEDOWN PgDn View next page of document
END End View final page of document
RETURN ─┘ Exit READ program
Program Descriptions (continued)
MAPGEN generates maps of the Lunar surface. The program is executed by typing
"MAPGEN" at the DOS prompt. MAPGEN requires that the file "LUNAR.REF" be
present on the disk. Maps are saved in the document "MAP" and consist of five
pages, each 64 latitude by 16 longitude cells. A Level 0 map (1° by 2° cells)
of the Lunar near side is provided in the document "LUNARMAP". Features are
described in the document "MODELS". West longitude and south latitude are
specified by negative numbers. Three input parameters are used by MAPGEN to
specify the center location and scale of the map:
PARAMETER NOTES
--------- -------------------------------------------------------------------
Latitude Latitude north of the Lunar equator in degrees
Longitude Longitude east of the sub-Earth meridian in degrees
Scale Scale factor:
0 => 1/ 1 scale (30.3 x 60.7km cells => 64 x 80 ° map)
1 => 1/ 64 scale ( 475 x 950 m cells => 30.3 x 60.7km map)
2 => 1/4096 scale ( 7.5 x 15 m cells => 475 x 950 m map)
Program Descriptions (continued)
NEWGAME initializes AMS parameters to begin a new game. The program is
executed by typing "NEWGAME" at the DOS prompt. NEWGAME creates the file
"AMS.SAV" which contains all of the parameters required by the AMS. Two input
parameters are used by NEWGAME to specify the landing site coordinates:
PARAMETER NOTES
--------- -------------------------------------------------------------------
Latitude Latitude north of the Lunar equator in degrees
Longitude Longitude east of the sub-Earth meridian in degrees
Program Descriptions (continued)
AMS is the primary simulation program. It is executed by typing "AMS" at the
DOS prompt. The program requires that the files "LUNAR.REF" and "AMS.SAV" be
present on the disk. Commands accepted by the AMS are given in the document
"COMMANDS". Make sure the keyboard "Caps-Lock" and "Num-Lock" features are
OFF. AMS accepts commands until the "QUIT" command is received, the Pilot
transfers to the LOL, or the Pilot dies. When the AMS is exited via the
"QUIT" command, the file "AMS.SAV" is updated with current parameter values so
the game may be resumed. When the Pilot transfers to the LOL or dies, the
game is over and date, time, and scores are appended to the file "AMS.LIF".
Program Descriptions (continued)
The tutorial version of the AMS is executed by typing "AMS" followed by a
lesson number, e.g., "AMS 11" to begin the first lesson. To run a tutorial,
"LUNAR.REF" and lesson files with extensions ".SAV", ".KEY", and ".CMT" must
be present on the disk. The tutorial version of AMS responds to time flow
commands "REALTIME", "FASTTIME", "VERYFAST", "WAIT", and "QUIT" given in the
document "COMMANDS". Lessons include:
LESSON COMMENTS DURATION
------ ------------------------------------------------------------ --------
11 Initial pass over target, terminator, and sub-Earth meridian (19 min)
12 LM transfer/checkout + undocking + separation from LOL (25 min)
13 Plane change maneuvers + Descent Orbit Insertion (31 min)
14 Powered Descent Initiation + landing (20 min)
21 EVA preparation + outbound + sample collection (26 min)
22 EVA inbound + sample stowage + termination (23 min)
31 Liftoff + orbit circularization (14 min)
32 Transfer orbit + plane change maneuver (21 min)
33 Circularization + transition to stationkeeping (23 min)
34 Final approach + docking to LOL (17 min)
Miscellaneous File Descriptions
FILE NAME CONTENTS
------------ -----------------------------------------------------------------
README .BAT Startup batch file
LUNAR .REF Reference for generating Lunar maps
* .SAV Tutorial parameter save files
* .KEY Tutorial command files
* .CMT Tutorial comment files
AMS .SAV Parameters required by the AMS
AMS .LIF A life history of dates, times, and scores
RANSEED .DAT Random number generator seeds